Person Page 1,327

William Henry Townshend

Parents

George 'Roy' Townshend

Parents

James Henry Odell¹

Parents

Citations

1. [S372] "Personal Communication", November 2001, Patricia (Townshend) Alnes, to David Arthur Walker; Personal Archives of Pat (Townshend) Alnes,,,,, Norway. Hereinafter cited as "Personal Communication".

Eliza Anne Huston¹

Citations

1. [S372] "Personal Communication", November 2001, Patricia (Townshend) Alnes, to David Arthur Walker; Personal Archives of Pat (Townshend) Alnes,,,,, Norway. Hereinafter cited as "Personal Communication".

John Odell¹

Citations

1. [S372] "Personal Communication", November 2001, Patricia (Townshend) Alnes, to David Arthur Walker; Personal Archives of Pat (Townshend) Alnes,,,,, Norway. Hereinafter cited as "Personal Communication".

Jane McAuley¹

Citations

1. [S372] "Personal Communication", November 2001, Patricia (Townshend) Alnes, to David Arthur Walker; Personal Archives of Pat (Townshend) Alnes,,,,, Norway. Hereinafter cited as "Personal Communication".

Samuel Dyer¹

Parents

Citations

1. [S1349] John Osborne Austin, Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island (Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.: Gen. Publishing Co. Inc., reprinted 1978, 1887). Hereinafter cited as Genealogical Dictionary of Rhode Island.
2. [S1357] Whitmore, William H., A Report of the Record Commissioners of Boston, Massachusetts, 1630-1699 (Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.: Rockwell and Churchill, 1883). Hereinafter cited as A Report of the Record Commissioners of Boston.
3. [S1815] Clarence Almon Torrey & Elizabeth Petty Bentley, New England Marriages Prior to 1700 (Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1985). Hereinafter cited as New England Marriages Prior to 1700.

William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset¹

William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset (1588-1660)

Citations

1. [S253] LDS - Family Search web site, online http://www.familysearch.org. Hereinafter cited as LDS - Family Search.
2. [S3376] Wikipedia - William Seymour, online http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Seymour,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset. Hereinafter cited as Wikipedia - William Seymour.
3. [S91] "Steve Nelson: family history database", Steve Nelson (-Mississauga, Ontario), to David A. Walker (-Edwards, Ontario); Personal Archives of David Arthur Walker, Personal Archives of David Arthur Walker. Hereinafter cited as "Steve Nelson: family history database".

Lady Arbella Stuart¹

Arabella Stuart (1575-1615), contemporary portrait.

Lady Arbella Stuart (1575-1615)

Parents

Citations

1. [S2285] Sarah Gristwood, Arbella - England's Lost Queen (Reading, Berkshire, England: Bantam Books, 2003). Hereinafter cited as Arbella - England's Lost Queen.
2. [S253] LDS - Family Search web site, online http://www.familysearch.org. Hereinafter cited as LDS - Family Search.
3. [S91] "Steve Nelson: family history database", Steve Nelson (-Mississauga, Ontario), to David A. Walker (-Edwards, Ontario); Personal Archives of David Arthur Walker, Personal Archives of David Arthur Walker. Hereinafter cited as "Steve Nelson: family history database".
4. [S3375] Wikipedia - Arbella Stuart, online http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbella_Stuart. Hereinafter cited as Wikipedia - Arbella Stuart.
5. [S1846] Antonia Fraser, editor, The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998), Page 214. Hereinafter cited as The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England.

Matthew Stuart, 4th Earl of Lennox¹

Parents

Citations

1. [S1846] Antonia Fraser, editor, The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998), Page 215. Hereinafter cited as The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England.
2. [S1846] Antonia Fraser, editor, The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998), Page 214. Hereinafter cited as The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England.

John Stuart, III

Elizabeth Stewart

Parents

John Stewart, Earl of Atholl

Parents

Eleanor Sinclair

James 'Black Knight of Lorne' Stewart¹

Citations

1. [S253] LDS - Family Search web site, online http://www.familysearch.org. Hereinafter cited as LDS - Family Search.

Lady Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland¹

Lady Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland (1406-1445)

Parents

Citations

1. [S2053] David Piper, Kings & Queens of England and Scotland (London: Faber & Faber Ltd., 1980). Hereinafter cited as Kings & Queens of England and Scotland.
2. [S253] LDS - Family Search web site, online http://www.familysearch.org. Hereinafter cited as LDS - Family Search.
3. [S19171] "John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset", Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Beaufort,_1st_Earl_of_Somerset. Hereinafter cited as "John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset".
4. [S2064] Kings and Queens of Britain, David Williamson, compiler, (Leicester, England: PRC Ltd., 1991), Page 229, Table 18. Adapted from "Royal Scotland" by Jean Goodman. Hereinafter cited as Kings and Queens of Britain.
5. [S19175] "Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots", Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Beaufort,_Queen_of_Scots. Hereinafter cited as "Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scots".

John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset^1,2,3

Coat of Arms of John Beaufort, 1st Marquess of Somerset, before he was legitimized.

Coat of Arms of John Beaufort, 1st Marquess of Somerset, after he was legitimized as a grandson of the sovereign.

Drawing of an alabaster tomb effigy of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset. Courtesy of Wikipedia.

Parents

Citations

1. [S2092] Wikipedia, online http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Beaufort,_1st_Earl_of_Somerset. Hereinafter cited as Wikipedia.
2. [S2058] Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy, Alison Weir, compiler, (London: Pimlico, 2002), Cover photo. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy.
3. [S19171] "John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset", Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Beaufort,_1st_Earl_of_Somerset. Hereinafter cited as "John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset".

Margaret Holland, Dutchess of Clarence, Countess of Somerset^1,2

Arms of Margaret Holland. Courtesy of Wikipedia.

Parents

Citations

1. [S19181] "Margaret Holland, Duchess of Clarence", Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Holland,_Duchess_of_Clarence. Hereinafter cited as "Margaret Holland, Duchess of Clarence".
2. [S20304] "Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence", Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_of_Lancaster,_Duke_of_Clarence. Hereinafter cited as "Thomas of Lancaster, Duke of Clarence".
3. [S19171] "John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset", Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Beaufort,_1st_Earl_of_Somerset. Hereinafter cited as "John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset".

John Plantagenet¹

John Plantagenet, Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399)

John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399), ca. 1593.

Parents

Name	John Plantagenet was also known as John of Gaunt.2
Note	English family comprising the descendants of Edward III's son, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, by his liaison with Catherine Swynford; the name is derived from a lordship that Gaunt had held in France, the modern Montmorency-Beaufort near Bar-sur-Aube. The four offspring of the union were legitimized after their parents' subsequent marriage (1396) but were, by their half brother, Henry IV, expressly excluded from succession to the crown. The first generation comprised John (d. 1410) created Marquess of Somerset and Marquess of Dorset; Henry, cardinal bishop of Winchester; Thomas (d. 1426); and a sister, Joan. In the next generation, the possible claim to the throne of John's third (but then first surviving) son, Edmund Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset (d. 1455), precipitated the Wars of the Roses, in which the remaining male members of the house were killed. Margaret Beaufort, Edmund's niece, became the mother of the future king Henry VII.3
Birth	He was born on 24 February 1340, in Abbey St. Bavon, Ghent, Flanders, BelgiumG. he was certainly born before 28 May 1340.4
Alt-Birth Date	An alternate recorded birth date is on 6 March 1340 in Ghent, BelgiumG.5
Create	He was created Earl of Richmond on 20 September 1342.2
Marriage	He married first Blanche Plantagenet, Duchess of Lancaster, daughter of Henry Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Lancaster, and Isabel de Beaumont, on 13 May 1359 in Reading Abbey, Berkshire, EnglandG.6,7
Knighted	John Plantagenet was knighted in April 1361. as a Knight of the Garter.
Battle	He fought at the Battle of Nájera on 3 April 1367 in near Nájera, Rioja, CastileG.8 The Battle of Nájera, 3 April 1367, in the province of Rioja, Castile. The English and King Peter of Castile are on the left. From Froissart's Chronicles, a fifteenth century manuscript.
Marriage	He married second Constance, Duchess of Lancaster, in 1371.1,9
Marriage	He married third Katherine Swynford, Duchess of Lancaster, daughter of Sir Payne de Roet, on 13 January 1396 in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, EnglandG, Katherine was John's mistress and later his wife. Their children were legitimized 1397.5
Death	John Plantagenet died on 3 February 1399 in Castle Leicester, Leicester, Leicestershire, England, 52.632333, -1.141194G.5
Burial	He was buried in Old St. Paul's Cathedral, London, England, 51.513611; -0.098056G.5,7 St. Paul's Cathedral, London, England, in 1896. St. Paul's Cathedral, London, England, before 1561, with intact spire. It was completely destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666.

Citations

1. [S1846] Antonia Fraser, editor, The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998). Hereinafter cited as The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England.
2. [S2058] Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy, Alison Weir, compiler, (London: Pimlico, 2002), Page 99. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy.
3. [S2069] "Margaret Beaufort, English Noblewoman", Encyclopaedia Britannica 2003, online https://www.britannica.com/biography/Margaret-Beaufort. Previously published in hard copy (https://www.britannica.com: Encyclopaedia Britannica). Hereinafter cited as "Encyclopaedia Britannica 2003".
4. [S2058] Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy, Alison Weir, compiler, (London: Pimlico, 2002), Page99. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy.
5. [S2092] Wikipedia, online http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Gaunt,_1st_Duke_of_Lancaster. Hereinafter cited as Wikipedia.
6. [S2271] Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, Douglas Richardson, compiler, (Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Genealogical Publishing Co., 2005), Page 486. Hereinafter cited as Magna Carta Ancestry.
7. [S2058] Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy, Alison Weir, compiler, (London: Pimlico, 2002), Page 100. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy.
8. [S11864] John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, online https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Gaunt. Hereinafter cited as John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster.
9. [S2092] Wikipedia, online http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England. Hereinafter cited as Wikipedia.

Edward III Plantagenet, King of England¹

Edward III, awarded the Order of the Garter

Edward III Plantagenet, King of England (1312-1377). Painting from the National Portrait Gallery, London.

Parents

House	Edward III Plantagenet, King of England, was of the House of Plantagenet.1
Birth	He was born on 13 November 1312, in Windsor Castle, Berkshire, EnglandG.2,3,1
Engagement	Engaged in 1326.4
Coronation	His coronation occurred on 1 February 1327.1
Reign	Edward reigned from 1 February 1327 until his death on 21 June 1377.3
Marriage	He married Philippa of Hainault daughter of Count William III d'Avesnes and Jeanne de Valois, on 24 January 1328, in York Minster (The Cathedral of St. Peter), York, North Yorkshire, EnglandG.5,6,4
Death	Edward III Plantagenet, King of England, died on 21 June 1377 in Sheen Palace, Ricchmond, London, EnglandG.2,3,1
Burial	He was buried on 5 July 1377 in Westminster Abbey, London, EnglandG.3,1 Bronze effigy of Edward III in Westminster Abbey. Courtesy of Wikipedia.

Citations

1. [S19316] "Edward III of England", Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England. Hereinafter cited as "Edward III of England".
2. [S2064] Kings and Queens of Britain, David Williamson, compiler, (Leicester, England: PRC Ltd., 1991), Page 224, Table 15. Hereinafter cited as Kings and Queens of Britain.
3. [S4311] Wikipedia, online http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III. Hereinafter cited as Wikipedia.
4. [S19098] "Philippa of Hainault", Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippa_of_Hainault. Hereinafter cited as "Philippa of Hainault".
5. [S2283] Mike Ashley, The Mammoth Book of British Kings & Queens (New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1998). Hereinafter cited as The Mammoth Book of British Kings & Queens.
6. [S2058] Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy, Alison Weir, compiler, (London: Pimlico, 2002), Page 93. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy.

Edward II Plantagenet, King of England¹

Edward II Plantagenet

Coat of arms of Edward II as king of England. Courtesy of Wikipedia.

Coronation of Edward II Plantagenet , seated with his queen, Isabelle Capet

Edward II Plantagenet (1284-1327), drawing from Cassell's History of England, published ca. 1902.

Parents

Name	Edward II Plantagenet, King of England, was also known as Edward of Caernarvon.
Birth	He was born on 25 April 1284, in Caernarfon Castle, Gwynedd, WalesG.2,1
Title	He received the title of King of England and Scotland, Lord of Ireland, Prince of Wales (from 1301), Duke of Aquitaine (from 1306). in 1301.3
Reign	He reigned From 8 July 1307 to 25 January 1327.3,1
Marriage	He married Isabelle Capet daughter of Philippe IV "The Fair" Capet, King of France, and Joan I of Navarre, on 25 January 1308, in Boulogne Cathedral, Boulogne-sur-mer, Normandy, FranceG. She was married aged 16 to the homosexual Edward II.4,2
Crown1	Male:His coronation was on 25 February 1308 in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England, 51.498910, -0.128280.G, Humphrey de Bohun bore the sceptre with the cross at the coronation. female: Her coronation was on 25 February 1308 in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England, 51.498910, -0.128280.G, Humphrey de Bohun bore the sceptre with the cross at the coronation.2,3
Battle	Edward II Plantagenet, King of England, fought at the The Battle of Bannockburn, between the army of Robert the Bruce, King of Scots, and the army of King Edward II of England during the First War of Scottish Independence. The army of Robert I, numbering about 6,000 men, was outnumbered by Edward II's army of 25,000 men. It was a decisive victory for Robert I. From 23 June 1314 to 24 June 1314 in the Battle of Bannockburn, 56.09333, -3.93777G. This depiction from the Scotichronicon (c. 1440) is the earliest-known image of the battle. King Robert wielding an axe and Edward II fleeing toward Stirling feature prominently, conflating incidents from the two days of battle. Corpus Christi College , Cambridge. Courtesy of Wikipedia, Battle of Bannockburn - Wikipedia. Site of the Battle of Bannockburn, 23-24 June, 1314, between the army of Robert the Bruce, King of Scots, and King Edward II of England, during the First War of Scottish Independence.
Abdicate	He abdicated on 25 January 1327.2
Death	He died on 21 September 1327, in Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire, England.G, He was murdered, in a conspiracy orchestrated by his wife and Roger Mortimer. His murder was avenged in 1330 when Mortimer was tried and executed, and Queen Isabelle was placed in confinement at Castle Rising in Norfolk, where she stayed until her death thirty years later.2,5,1
Burial	He was buried on 20 December 1327 in St. Peter's Abbey (Gloucester Cathedral), Gloucester, Gloucestershire, EnglandG.2,1 Detail of the effigy of Edward II. Tomb of Edward II Plantagenet, St. Peter's Abbey, Gloucester Cathedral, England. Edward II's tomb at Gloucestershire Cathedral, England. Courtesy of Wikipedia.

Citations

1. [S19087] "Edward II of England", Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_II_of_England. Hereinafter cited as "Edward II of England".
2. [S2059] Britannia Web Site, online http://www.britannia.com. Hereinafter cited as Britannia Web Site.
3. [S2283] Mike Ashley, The Mammoth Book of British Kings & Queens (New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1998), Page 594. Hereinafter cited as The Mammoth Book of British Kings & Queens.
4. [S2050] Pierre Goubert, The Course of French History (11 New Fetter Lane, London, England, EC4P 4EE: Routledge, 1991). Hereinafter cited as The Course of French History.
5. [S2283] Mike Ashley, The Mammoth Book of British Kings & Queens (New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1998), Page 598. Hereinafter cited as The Mammoth Book of British Kings & Queens.

Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet, King of England^1,2

Edward I "Longshanks" Plantagenet. Lithograph, 1850.

Parents

Citations

1. [S1846] Antonia Fraser, editor, The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998). Hereinafter cited as The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England.
2. [S4294] Wikipedia, online http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_I_of_England. Hereinafter cited as Wikipedia.
3. [S2054] Edmund Swinglehurst, The History of Kings & Queens of England & Scotland (Leicester, England: Armadillo, 2002). Hereinafter cited as The History of the Kings & Queens of England & Scotland.
4. [S2053] David Piper, Kings & Queens of England and Scotland (London: Faber & Faber Ltd., 1980). Hereinafter cited as Kings & Queens of England and Scotland.

Henry III Plantagenet, King of England¹

HENRY III & PRINCE EDWARD I IN BATTLE

HENRY III PLANTAGENET CROWNED

Henry III Plantagenet (1206-1272).

Parents

Birth	Henry III Plantagenet, King of England, was born on 1 October 1206, in Winchester, EnglandG.2
Marriage	He married Eleanor, of Provence, daughter of Ramon Berenguer V, Count of Provence, and Béatrice of Savoy, on 14 January 1236, in Canterbury Cathedral, Kent, England, 51.279722;1.083056G.3 Canterbury Cathedral, Kent, England.
Death	Henry III Plantagenet, King of England, died on 16 November 1272 in the Palace of Westminster, Westminster, EnglandG.2,4
Burial	He was buried in Westminster Abbey, Westminster, Middlesex, England, 51.498910, -0.128280G.2,4 Westminster Abbey West, Middlesex, England.

Citations

1. [S6535] Donald Shumway Rockwell, Eleven Centuries of the Remote Ancestry of the Rockwell Family (Berkley, California: Gillick Publishing Co., 1914). Hereinafter cited as Eleven Centuries of Rockwell Ancestry.
2. [S2054] Edmund Swinglehurst, The History of Kings & Queens of England & Scotland (Leicester, England: Armadillo, 2002). Hereinafter cited as The History of the Kings & Queens of England & Scotland.
3. [S2058] Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy, Alison Weir, compiler, (London: Pimlico, 2002), Page 74. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy.
4. [S2058] Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy, Alison Weir, compiler, (London: Pimlico, 2002), Page 81. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy.

John I 'Lackland' Plantagenet, King of England^1,2

John I 'Lackland' Plantagenet (1166-1216)

John 'Lackland' Plantagenet (1166-1216). Lithograph, 1850.

Parents

Citations

1. [S6535] Donald Shumway Rockwell, Eleven Centuries of the Remote Ancestry of the Rockwell Family (Berkley, California: Gillick Publishing Co., 1914). Hereinafter cited as Eleven Centuries of Rockwell Ancestry.
2. [S1846] Antonia Fraser, editor, The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1998). Hereinafter cited as The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England.
3. [S2058] Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy, Alison Weir, compiler, (London: Pimlico, 2002), Page 67. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy.
4. [S2054] Edmund Swinglehurst, The History of Kings & Queens of England & Scotland (Leicester, England: Armadillo, 2002). Hereinafter cited as The History of the Kings & Queens of England & Scotland.
5. [S2053] David Piper, Kings & Queens of England and Scotland (London: Faber & Faber Ltd., 1980). Hereinafter cited as Kings & Queens of England and Scotland.
6. [S2059] Britannia Web Site, online http://www.britannia.com. Hereinafter cited as Britannia Web Site.
7. [S2058] Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy, Alison Weir, compiler, (London: Pimlico, 2002), Page 74. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy.

Henry II Plantagenet, King of England^1,2

Henry II

Henry II Plantagenet, Duke of Normandy (1133-1189)

HENRY II TOMB_SMALL

Henry II Plantagenet (1133-1189). Lithograph, 1848.

Parents

Citations

1. [S2062] Desmond Seward, Eleanor of Aquitaine (London, England: Penguin Classics, 2001). Hereinafter cited as Eleanor of Aquitaine.
2. [S6535] Donald Shumway Rockwell, Eleven Centuries of the Remote Ancestry of the Rockwell Family (Berkley, California: Gillick Publishing Co., 1914). Hereinafter cited as Eleven Centuries of Rockwell Ancestry.
3. [S2054] Edmund Swinglehurst, The History of Kings & Queens of England & Scotland (Leicester, England: Armadillo, 2002). Hereinafter cited as The History of the Kings & Queens of England & Scotland.
4. [S2050] Pierre Goubert, The Course of French History (11 New Fetter Lane, London, England, EC4P 4EE: Routledge, 1991). Hereinafter cited as The Course of French History.

Elâeonore, Princess of Aquitaine

Eleanor of Aquitane_small

Elâeonore, Princess of Aquitaine (1122-1204)

Parents

Citations

1. [S2062] Desmond Seward, Eleanor of Aquitaine (London, England: Penguin Classics, 2001). Hereinafter cited as Eleanor of Aquitaine.
2. [S2058] Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy, Alison Weir, compiler, (London: Pimlico, 2002), Page 60. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy.
3. [S2050] Pierre Goubert, The Course of French History (11 New Fetter Lane, London, England, EC4P 4EE: Routledge, 1991). Hereinafter cited as The Course of French History.
4. [S2062] Desmond Seward, Eleanor of Aquitaine (London, England: Penguin Classics, 2001), Page 63. Hereinafter cited as Eleanor of Aquitaine.
5. [S2058] Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy, Alison Weir, compiler, (London: Pimlico, 2002). Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy.
6. [S2054] Edmund Swinglehurst, The History of Kings & Queens of England & Scotland (Leicester, England: Armadillo, 2002). Hereinafter cited as The History of the Kings & Queens of England & Scotland.
7. [S2064] Kings and Queens of Britain, David Williamson, compiler, (Leicester, England: PRC Ltd., 1991), Page 47. Hereinafter cited as Kings and Queens of Britain.

Richard I, 'The Lionheart' Plantagenet, King of England¹

Royal Arms of England, used by Richard I, 'The Lionheart', Plantagenet (1157-1199)

Parents

Citations

1. [S7789] Alison Weir, Captive Queen, a Novel of Eleanor of Aquitaine (New York: Ballantine Books, 2010). Hereinafter cited as Captive Queen.
2. [S2054] Edmund Swinglehurst, The History of Kings & Queens of England & Scotland (Leicester, England: Armadillo, 2002). Hereinafter cited as The History of the Kings & Queens of England & Scotland.
3. [S2058] Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy, Alison Weir, compiler, (London: Pimlico, 2002), Page 66. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy.
4. [S2199] John Cannon & Anne Hargreaves, The Kings & Queens of Britain (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), Page 194. Hereinafter cited as The Kings & Queens of Britain.
5. [S2064] Kings and Queens of Britain, David Williamson, compiler, (Leicester, England: PRC Ltd., 1991), Pages 55-65. Hereinafter cited as Kings and Queens of Britain.
6. [S2058] Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy, Alison Weir, compiler, (London: Pimlico, 2002). Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy.
7. [S2199] John Cannon & Anne Hargreaves, The Kings & Queens of Britain (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004). Hereinafter cited as The Kings & Queens of Britain.
8. [S2053] David Piper, Kings & Queens of England and Scotland (London: Faber & Faber Ltd., 1980). Hereinafter cited as Kings & Queens of England and Scotland.
9. [S2064] Kings and Queens of Britain, David Williamson, compiler, (Leicester, England: PRC Ltd., 1991), Page 65. Hereinafter cited as Kings and Queens of Britain.
10. [S2058] Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy, Alison Weir, compiler, (London: Pimlico, 2002), Page 67. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families, the Complete Genealogy.